This paper the main concepts (schools) of security presented in the literature were analyzed, and it is shown that within their framework a different understanding of the term “security” was formed. It is noted that the monoreference model of B. Buzen and the binary security system of the state and society of O. Waver are being replaced by an understanding of the triad of security organized from the state to the person through society. Thus, the rethought concept of security takes into account not only States and their respective relationships, but also the relationship between the individual, society and the State and their overlapping perceptions of threats, which have become diverse and multidirectional. The combination of these approaches enriches our understanding of security, leads to the conclusion that security is now a complex (synthetic) scientific category, which is the theoretical and methodological basis for cognition and identification of a number of generic concepts: “national”, “public”, “environmental” and other security. According to the position of the authors, it is necessary to conceptualize the concept of “security” and consider it as a system of rational management of fears and threats (through various measures specifically defined in regulatory legal acts for each sector and reference object, consistently implemented by state and non-state actors.