Establishment of the foundations of social mobility among residents of family-type orphanages

Abstract

The article analyzes the creation of the foundations of social mobility among children living in family-type orphanages as one of the priority areas of state social policy and an instrument for ensuring social justice. The study is based on the relevance of transition from institutional forms of education to family-type orphanages, which is indicated on the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated June 1, 2023 №. UP-82, according to which the gradual elimination of traditional residential institutions is planned by 2025. The study aimed to identify the key factors and institutional mechanisms influencing the possibilities of social mobility of children deprived of parental care, as well as to assess the existing system effectiveness. The study used sociological methods, including an expert survey (N = 30) and a questionnaire survey of children living in family-type orphanages in Tashkent. The methodological basis was the structural-functional, conflict, interactionist and neo-institutional approaches. The results demonstrated that the main channels for achieving success in life are considered by the residents to be education (45 %), professional activity (38 %), and entrepreneurship (30 %). The study revealed low activity of young people and insufficient attention from non-governmental organizations and youth branches of political parties to the issues of social mobility. It was established that for sustainable development of this area it is necessary to strengthen inter-institutional interaction, expand support programs, and develop the subjectivity of young people.