Legal issues of implementing AI technologies in public administration and governance: Russian and international experience

The article analyzes the legal aspects of implementing artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in public administration and governance, identifies regulatory gaps, and proposes measures to eliminate them. The study objectives include analysis of approaches to legal regulation of AI in public administration in various jurisdictions; identifying key risks and challenges associated with the use of AI by public authorities; comparison of regulatory models for regulating AI in Russia, the United States of America, the European Union (EU), and China. The study is based on the comparative legal method, as well as methods of systemic and functional analysis. It used regulatory legal acts, analytical reports of international organizations (World Bank, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, United Nations Organization), academic publications, and cases from administrative practice. The authors identified differences in approaches to regulating AI, from soft law and selfregulation (USA) to strict regulatory mechanisms with elements of state control (China, EU). Russia is shown to lack comprehensive legislation in the field of AI in public administration, which creates risks of legal uncertainty and a decrease in the level of trust in digital administrative decisions. Ensuring the legality, transparency and responsibility in the use of AI in public administration requires developing a unified regulatory framework that takes into account both international experience and the specifics of the Russian administrative system. According to the article authors, special attention should be paid to the mechanisms of algorithmic accountability, protection of personal data, and observance of the rights of citizens when interacting with AI solutions.

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