The article provides an explanation of the social dilemma of legal order. Its understanding includes two provisions that make up a contradictory unity: 1) the legal order in modern societies has no reasonable alternative; 2) the social dialectics of the legal order formation is variable. Historical situations showing the action of the dilemma in societies are considered. Concluding the article, the author concludes that the establishment of legal order in societies is a complex and contradictory process of their institutional reorganization.

The article investigates changes in the alcoholic behavior of the Russian population for more than 40 years. The study focuses on the relationship between socio-economic crises and the prevalence of alcohol problems. It is shown that in periods of social and economic crises two behavioral patterns can manifest themselves: increased alcohol consumption due to increased psychological distress and decreased consumption due to budgetary constraints. Analysis of statistical data and survey materials allows us to conclude that Russia is characterized by large and repeated fluctuations in the prevalence of alcohol consumption. On the basis of quantitative data we trace the dynamics of citizens’ well-being and alcohol consumption from 1994 to 2022. We consider such parameters as the level of life satisfaction, the level of anxiety about the impossibility to provide oneself with the most necessary things in the next 12 months, as well as self-assessment of the economic situation and the feeling of one’s own powerlessness. It has been revealed that it is not so much the difficult economic situation that contributes to the tense alcohol situation in Russia as the process of abrupt transformations: changes in the socio-economic situation, both for the better and for the worse, can increase the level of alcoholization.

The article describes the large-scale work performed to increase the population’s income, improve the quality of education and health services, and provide housing. It also refers to the decrees and resolutions adopted in the following years concerning the comprehensive development of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The living standards and welfare of the population, in the author’s opinion, depend on a number of factors, including the population’s income, health care, education, working conditions, the level of housing, natural gas, water supply, and a favorable environment. All this is the main goal of social development. The issues of effective use of socio-economic and production investment potential of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, engineering and communication provision of the territory, improvement of social and production infrastructure, development of economic sectors in order to provide employment and improve the living standards of the population have been analyzed. The questions of production and investment potential of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, development of entrepreneurial activity and stimulation of production of highly competitive products with high added value, expansion of available financial services for entrepreneurs, creation of infrastructural conditions for providing employment and achieving a new level of economic and social development of the region are also considered.

The authors analyze the problems of interactivity of seminars in the educational process of higher education institution on the example of the discipline “Fundamentals of Russian statehood”, which from September 1, 2023 is introduced in the curricula of all areas of higher education. In the article on the basis of comparative analysis different variants of interactivity of seminars related to the improvement of legal culture and citizenship are considered. Pedagogical tools that can contribute to the development of legal culture are shown. It is concluded that the use of interactivity in seminars is an urgent problem of modern higher education, which can be solved with the help of special tools to make the learning process more socially oriented.

The article presents a review of the existing in the literature approaches of theorists and practitioners to the use of online platforms for employee training. The authors analyzed a large number of relevant articles and studies on the experience of corporate online training. The positive and negative sides of online educational platforms are highlighted. The following can be attributed to the advantages of using the latter based on the experience of companies: automation of routine teaching processes, increased level of freedom of learners (autonomy in choosing the time and place of training), unlimited access to content, a wide range of services, courses, the choice of which is made depending on the size of the company and the task of training, minimization of personal contacts (in case of pandemic). In addition, the authors also focused on the negative aspects of platform learning. Among them are the lack of personal communication, difficulties in getting feedback from the tutor, theoretical and practical development of age specific application of digital materials, time costs for development, material resources for implementation, administration, course development.

The article presents the author’s approach to the study of environmental problems using the concept of socio-ecological situation. The interpretation of this concept and an example of its use in the survey of small mono-industrial cities of Russia are given. The results of such a survey are given, which showed that the presented approach can be used in the study of environmental problems of small towns and other socio-territorial formations.

The article considers the structure of the management vertical within the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) on the example of two regions of Russia: the city of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region. The results of a qualitative study of the party elite and deputy corps of the CPRF in the two regions combined are presented, in the course of which the sources of recruitment of the analyzed political elite are revealed in detail. Through the use of the structural-biographical method, the author identified the key sources of reproduction within the regional political elite through a detailed study of a wide range of data from official websites, biographical portals, mass media materials, etc. The study concludes that the basis of the CPRF’s managerial vertical in both regions is an alliance bet ween party officials (of various types) and businessmen. It is argued that despite the process of constant renewal of members of the top party leadership and representatives of the deputy corps in both regions, the political elite is generally stable. At the same time, the author concludes that the share of the managerial vertical, which refers to the descendants of business, as a rule, is more interested in obtaining exactly parliamentary mandates in order to be able to influence the content of legislative acts in the analyzed regions.

The article argues that the content, forms and mechanisms of social work provision at all historical stages of society development are conditioned by chronological events and technologies used in this or that period. The modern stage of social assistance development is characterized by the use of information technologies. The authors present an analysis of foreign practice on the organization of social work and adaptation of people with disabilities with the use of information technologies. Among the approaches considered is the approach of preserving human participation. At the same time, the priority of social service as opposed to technocratic, the approach of “technology in practice”, the approach of proactive position of social workers, the concept of “mixed social work”, etc. are preserved. As the review has shown, the effectiveness of social work should be based on the priority of taking into account the interests of key stakeholders of the activity — social workers and clients of social and socio-medical assistance.

The article deals with the fact that international legal relations of joint use of hydro resources of border rivers by Soviet Russia, Finland and Norway in 1920–1944 is an understudied topic among domestic and foreign researchers. This is largely due to the fact that the international legal interaction between the countries was contradictory, and the problems of security of border territories caused concern and could not create normal conditions for regional economic cooperation in this area.

The article studies the features of crimes committed with the use of information and telecommunication technologies or in the sphere of computer information in modern conditions, as well as identifies the leading directions and measures to counteract such crimes. Types of crimes and their statistics are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the personality of criminals, their classification. The main causes of crimes and their connection with the behavior of the victim are studied.

The article characterizes the stage of preparation of one of the first constituent parts of the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire — a code regulating civil relations of the subjects of the Russian Empire in the XIX century — in the conditions of unstable foreign policy situation. The purpose of the research is to study the domestic experience of systematization of legal norms regulating property and personal non-property relations. Comparative-legal and historical-legal methods are applied in the study. The possibility of using the domestic experience in the development of legal technique in solving the issues of codification of Russian legislation taking into account national traditions has been proved. The position that when drawing up the plan of systematization of the Russian legislation, in particular civil-law norms, M. M. Speransky not only took into account the peculiarities of the development of national law, but also used legal precedent, fixing it in the general legal system in the form of a rule of law is substantiated.

This paper the main concepts (schools) of security presented in the literature were analyzed, and it is shown that within their framework a different understanding of the term “security” was formed. It is noted that the monoreference model of B. Buzen and the binary security system of the state and society of O. Waver are being replaced by an understanding of the triad of security organized from the state to the person through society. Thus, the rethought concept of security takes into account not only States and their respective relationships, but also the relationship between the individual, society and the State and their overlapping perceptions of threats, which have become diverse and multidirectional. The combination of these approaches enriches our understanding of security, leads to the conclusion that security is now a complex (synthetic) scientific category, which is the theoretical and methodological basis for cognition and identification of a number of generic concepts: “national”, “public”, “environmental” and other security. According to the position of the authors, it is necessary to conceptualize the concept of “security” and consider it as a system of rational management of fears and threats (through various measures specifically defined in regulatory legal acts for each sector and reference object, consistently implemented by state and non-state actors.

The aim of this article is to define the good faith of a participant of civil turnover, to reveal the legal nature of the principle of good faith. Combining the studied etymological and legislative basis of good faith, the author formulates a definition of the concept of good faith of a participant of civil turnover. Such methods of research as analysis, synthesis, deductive, comparative, abstraction are used. The results of the study have practical significance.

This paper is devoted to the search for an answer to the question whether consumer extremism (terrorism) is an independent legal phenomenon or a specific type of abuse of rights. The etymology is defined and a brief description of the essence of the concepts of “extremism” and “terrorism” is given. It is analyzed how these concepts relate to the protection of consumer rights. It is noted that in journalism and scientific research, the concepts of “consumer extremism” and “consumer terrorism” are used not in mutual connection, but as synonymous terms. The concept of “abuse of rights” is analyzed in relation to the principles of good faith, reasonableness and fairness. Two approaches to understanding the content of the concept of “consumer extremism (terrorism)” have been identified: in a narrow sense, it coincides with the concept of “abuse of rights”, in a broad sense it combines cases of abuse of rights and cases of illegal behavior. Based on a narrow approach, consumer extremism (terrorism) is a type of abuse of rights, and from a broad one it is an independent legal phenomenon. The author concludes that in journalism, in order to draw attention to the problem of excessive and unjustified exercise of subjective rights by consumers, the term “consumer extremism (terrorism)” has the right to exist, but as a legal concept it is overly politicized and not specified.