SOCIAL PROBLEMS OF A SOCIETY
The dynamic development of society in the post-industrial period is associated, on the one hand, with the massive involvement of citizens in socio-economic activity and the expansion of initiative projects, on the other, with the development of communication technologies that are helpful for agreeing on joint activities and achieving socially significant goals. Social entrepreneurship is a social institution that, in a differentiated social structure, performs those tasks and functions that were previously randomly “scattered”among the point types of activities — charity, volunteering, along with the main essence of political activity, which should be aimed at realizing the common good. Entrepreneurship as the quintessence of independent comprehension and decision-making, reaching the level of solving social problems (along with the task of creating added value), today reflects the formation of a new significant force, a factor that can significantly change the formats for solving group and social problems in cases where market and state mechanisms do not allow achieving the target result.
The research study was conducted in two stages, in 2015 and 2016 from March 15 to April 15 utilizing the method of formalized interview. Each phase of the survey involved 560 Yerevan residents. As the results of the research come to prove, the mosaic of the public perception and the psychological reflection of the phenomenon of the Armenian Genocide is very sophisticated. The moods of regret, pain, depression, declining moods, complaint, wrath, revenge, hope and optimistic views for future are intertwined and bound together. These moods and feelings appear next to each other and quickly alternating. As a result of sociological surveys, a number of trends and transformations in public opinion and perception were revealed. The authors explain these changes by three groups of domestic political and foreign policy factors.
Based on various scientific concepts in the understanding of the lifeworld, the presented study characterizes the sociological aspects of the lifeworld of the Russian rural areas and builds its theoretical construct (model), which will make it possible to explore the legal foundations of rural life and ways to improve them in the future. The author concludes that the lifeworld of Russian rural areas can be represented as a dual construct that links scientific theories (paradigm) of the lifeworld with the system; structurally, it consists of social (group) consciousness based on the communicative action (behavior) of individuals and groups of Russian society aimed at mutual understanding. The lifeworld of Russian rural areas that develops this way through the functioning of the system is manifested in the meanings of public (public) and personal (private) life in the form of goal principles that guide a person (consciously or spontaneously) in everyday life to preserve values and develop society. The system of the rural lifeworld consists of several institutional subsystems (sociopolitical structures), including the legal subsystem, and it serves as a factor in the development (driving force) of its system.
The presented study is a comprehensive scientific investigation that includes an analysis of existing materials on the topic of financial and economic culture and related concepts (such as financial literacy, economic culture, economic consciousness and attitudes) and a description of an original sociological diagnostics methodology for determining the level of financial and economic culture of any social group. The methodology makes it possible to reduce the final value of the measurement of financial and economic culture to a certain level value (high, medium, or low), which in turn makes it possible to compare and track the dynamics of data based on the preferred socio-demographic data of the group of respondents under investigation. The author identifies deterministic indicators of financial and economic subjectivity that are measured by weights, which is indicative of the objectivity of the obtained results. The methodology was tested as part of a research project (under the guidance of Prof., PhD. A. G. Tyurikova) at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation.
The article examines the relationship between the coronavirus pandemic and drug use among adolescents and young people. The authors identify the reasons, factors of drug addiction development in the period of crisis, conduct analysis of numerical indicators. The method of statistical analysis of keyword queries in the study of social networks and search engines was used as the main one. To verify and supplement their own data, the authors use the results of studies obtained by other researchers and third-party organizations. The authors identified the main channels and sources of information about drugs and precursors in the course of the study. The study developed recommendations to level out the significant development of this phenomenon in a complex social environment caused by the pandemic.
This article analyzes the world experience in defining poverty and measuring poverty. In particular, the experience of the World Bank in defining poverty and defining poverty, the Gini coefficient and the Tile index, the analysis of the activities of the international community Oxfam and the UN to reduce poverty are highlighted. The grouping of various causes of poverty in the modern world is shown. An analysis of the history of the International Oxfam Society is given.
The article examines the main stages, conceptual directions and prospects for the development of the sociology of youth in Russia. Based on the analysis of a number of relevant studies, it was concluded that the study of the Internet and social networks as the most promising object of consideration in the framework of the sociology of youth.
THE LAW IN A STATE AND PERSON LIFE
The article is devoted to the initial and subsequent stages of investigation and disclosure of bribery in the field of education. An increase in the level of well-being of society and of each person individually depends on the level and quality of the education received. The reorganization of society is inevitably associated with reforms in the field of education. Bribery significantly complicates the advancement of socio-economic reforms in our country, becoming an obstacle to the formation of a new democratic society. There are new ways of committing these crimes that have not yet been investigated, which complicates their identification and disclosure. The practice of combating bribery in the field of education gives reason to believe that persons who are not the first to commit these crimes are being detained on suspicion of bribery. However, in the process of investigating criminal cases, as a rule, they are charged only with the episode of criminal activity that is documented during the arrest in the act. This indicates the need to improve the methodology for identifying and disclosing bribery.
State-building in the context of the constitutional and legal reform that has taken place puts forward a number of problems that require in-depth scientific research, one of which is the prospects for reforming the civil service of Russia. Today, in the conditions of internal economic tension and foreign policy pressure, the requirements for the government apparatus are increasing. The fact that the low quality of government is a brake on the path of reforms in various spheres of public life has been repeatedly pointed out in the Messages of the President of Russia. Transformations of the civil service are among the key structural reforms. A long way has been passed in the formation and formation of the institute of public service, the authors of the article touch upon the issue of increasing its effectiveness.
The article considers the place of atypical sources in the hierarchical system of formal-legal sources of Russian law. The authors consider atypical formal-legal source of law as a form of expression of normative legal, state-sanctioned legal prescription, characterized by non-traditional legalization (decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation), undefined apriori legal force (inter-national treaties and acts of interstate organizations) or uncertain apriori content and conditions of legitimization (legal custom), which occupies a small place in the regulatory system and law-enforcement practice.
The article raises questions of the formation of civil society around urban planning. The concepts of “public discussions” and “public hearings” enshrined in urban planning legislation are of interest to theorists and urban planners, not only because this is an obligatory stage in the adoption of urban planning documents, but also because more and more often citizens are turning to their right to direct expression of will in the form of public discussions and public hearings. The authors tried to analyze and suggest possible ways to increase the civic engagement of the local population of the municipality.
The current legislation has gaps and contradictions in the legal regulation of labor relations of workers of sea and river transport, in particular when regulating the labor of workers in the dredging fleet. The article discusses the problems of establishing the qualification characteristics of some of them, as well as the peculiarities of the working conditions of workers in the dredging fleet. The gaps in the norms of the current legislation of the legal regulation of labor of certain categories of workers, in particular, those associated with the performance of dredging fleet workers directly dredging, as a type of hydrotechnical construction work.
The article attempts to consider the theoretical, legal and practical aspects of insulting a representative of authority. The authors substantiate that the criminal law providing for liability for “insulting a representative of authority” was created by the legislator in order to increase the protection of the honor and dignity of representatives of the authorities they represent. According to the author, in connection with the development of public relations in this area, the emergence of new types, methods of committing such an act, it is necessary to amend Art. 319 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
The article discusses the procedure for introducing restrictions in St. Petersburg in connection with the spread of coronavirus infection in the city. The author notes that there is no consensus in Russian society about the necessity and expediency of introducing restrictions. The author believes that restrictive measures should have been introduced. At the same time, according to the author, the restrictions imposed do not have sufficient regulatory justification. At the same time, the author comes to the conclusion that the norms of the legislation of St. Petersburg require adjustments in terms of giving the state authorities of St. Petersburg the authority to restrict human rights and freedoms. The scientific novelty of the article is based on a comprehensive analysis of regulatory legal acts of the federal and regional levels.