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Sociology and Law

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No 3 (2020)
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SOCIAL PROBLEMS OF A SOCIETY

6-11 473
Abstract
The world socio-economic space is characterized by an increase in migration flows coupled with an increase in the population as a whole. Over the past decades, the main reason for population migration has been economic. In an effort to improve the quality of life for their own and their families, migrants move to territories other than their usual place of residence, carrying with them their own culture, their worldview, their views on life and society. In this regard, it is important to define the key theoretical understanding of migration flows, revealing the scientific and practical significance for modern estimates of migration.
12-24 520
Abstract
A sociological analysis of the factors of integration of young generations into active economic life is based on a study of the values of young people in relation to employment and professional growth. The information society has two key parameters that influence the construction of the trajectory of educational, professional, labor or entrepreneurial activity — the significant role of knowledge in creating value and the digital space as a source of information and the place for individuals to fulfill themselves in society and the social and professional community. A theoretical analysis of labor socialization allows researchers to move on to the results of empirical studies carried out with the participation of authors in 2017 and 2019-2020. The data obtained are evaluative in nature and allow authors to draw conclusions about the influence of the media space on young people entering working age taking decisions on choosing a profession and a form of economic activity, planning employment and career growth.
25-33 467
Abstract
The article is dedicated to finding reasons for the reliability of such a data collection tool as Internet surveys. The article consistently presents the arguments “pro” and “contra” using online surveys. In the scientific community, “contra” arguments are often put forward considering ideal research standards, which are often not feasible even in proven methods of data collection, such as censuses, phone surveys, etc. Based on this, in the article each argument “contra” is placed into the comparative plane — by examining the Internet surveys’ accusations of insufficient representativeness, sampling bias, and other disadvantages along with similar arguments against accepted methods of data collection, the lack of theoretical and methodological foundation of these charges is revealed. The irrelevance of “contra” arguments is also shown by analyzing global and Russian trends in the spread of the Internet and computer literacy. The “pro” arguments presented in the article are intended to demonstrate the features of generalization of findings obtained using online surveys, considering the specifics of this type of data collection. The evidence presented in the article for the validity of data obtained in online surveys confirms the possibility of using them in particular for making legal and public management decisions, provided that the specifics of the obtained data are taken into account.
34-38 563
Abstract
The article discusses the reasons for the emergence of communication barriers in the anticrisis management of the organization. Various types of barriers are described, their classification is given. The author proposes mechanisms for reducing the communication barriers of the organization in the process of the management of anti-crisis communications.
39-47 343
Abstract
Today, youth entrepreneurship is one of the most promising areas for the development of the state’s economy, which is actually the potential for its growth. Scientific and government circles of any state are interested in the development of youth entrepreneurship. The author of this article has considered and sociologically analyzed the problems of the functioning of youth entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan. The article argues that it is precisely the joint actions of the government and academia that can increase entrepreneurial activity among the youth. Youth entrepreneurship is a turbulent social process that has not yet reached a stabilization phase and requires special attention from the government, forming the backbone of the middle class. The development of youth entrepreneurship is a very important social process and science needs, first of all, to trace its internal development, since the integration of the youth group has not been comprehensively studied, and this is a completely new object of social research.
48-57 330
Abstract
In the article, there is an attempt, on the basis of the author’s methodology, to carry out empirical diagnostics of the motivational meanings of pedagogical workers of institutions for orphans at the present stage, as well as to determine organizational restrictions that affect the process of development of the motivation system in the activities of pedagogical workers of institutions for orphans. Based on the analysis of sociological research and included observation over 5 years, the author determines the factors affecting the decrease in the labor activity of teachers, and also makes an attempt to outline the direction of action to prevent the existing problem situations in orphanages. The article will be useful for the heads of educational and social institutions, as well as researchers dealing with this problem.

THE LAW IN A STATE AND PERSON LIFE

58-64 453
Abstract
The study focuses on the procedure for appointing and conducting expert research in cases of crimes related to violations of labor protection and safety rules. The author out lines the range of research tasks in this area, lists the types of expertise that are widely used in this category of criminal cases. Based on the analysis of legal norms regulating the procedure for the appointment and conduct of forensic examinations, the author comes to the conclusion that the procedural legislation contains a significant number of General approaches to the appointment and conduct of expertise (including in the field of investigation of crimes related to violations of labor protection and safety rules). The specificity of expert research on this category of criminal cases is that in the framework of establishing the actual circumstances of the incident, it is often necessary to conduct several examinations (complex expert studies), taking into account the specifics of specific production processes at the enterprise.
65-75 427
Abstract

The author considers the problems of typification of society. Some concepts of typification of social stratification models in different countries formulated and justified in historical and legal, historical, sociological, and economic scientific literature are reviewed. The circumstances that make it difficult to formulate universal concepts designed for application in the complex of social Sciences are identified. These circumstances include insufficient consideration of legal factors, including the position of the legislator, the specifics of the corporate legal status, and the characteristics of the mechanism for changing individual legal status. The author offers a variant of classification of society types from the point of view of legal registration of their structure. The possibility of distinguishing types such as consolidated companies and segmented companies is justified.

76-83 447
Abstract

The article is devoted to consideration of specifics and features of realization of the law in various forms in a context of a ratio conditional and unconditional in the law. The author comes to the conclusion that all forms of the law implementation, in varying degrees, whether conditional or unconditional, because, on the one hand, embodied in a specific situation, in relation to individuals, accompanied by a compilation of individual legal act, but, on the other hand, faced with the extrapolation quite dogmatically posilioned as binding rules of law to real life circumstances, mainly through public-imperious peremptory effect. For each of the forms of realization of the law, only the nature of the ratio and the degree of dominance of one of the two principals will differ, which, in the end, serves the presence of a wide range of ways and means of satisfying people’s needs and protecting interests in the law.

84-93 532
Abstract
The article discusses ways to counter cybercrime. Attention is drawn to the fact that at present in Russia there is no sufficient legal framework that regulates all digital relations that are the object of one of the most dangerous types of international crime - cybercrime, thus countering it is possible only with joint studies of scientists of various sciences.
94-99 351
Abstract
The article highlights the legal issues of the return of compatriots after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, when many citizens of the former USSR of Russian origin were separated from their historical homeland and were deprived of the opportunity to return to it. Particular attention is paid to identifying legislative gaps regarding the return of compatriots-foreign citizens to the territory of the Russian Federation and making proposals to address them.
100-104 372
Abstract
This research study examines the key aspects of the formation and development of the state system to combat administrative offenses of minors in the USSR. The main provisions of juvenile law were also studied, the links in the chain of prevention of neglect and administrative offenses of minors and the protection of their rights were reflected. As a result, we come to the conclusion that administrative offenses by minors bring harm both to the minors themselves and to society. Administrative offenses affect the social, moral and ideological aspects.
105-111 331
Abstract
The article is devoted to the concept of jury trial in the Russian Federation as an integral part of the judicial system, which is associated with the process of justice. In addition, the article discusses the features of dependence and independence of court assessors in the process of justice.
112-116 643
Abstract
The article examines the main theoretical and ideological provisions of Marxism-Leninism about the state and law, the historical prerequisites for the emergence of the Soviet state in 1917 and the factors that determined specific forms of state and legal construction in the first years of the existence of the Soviet state.


ISSN 2219-6242 (Print)